在雅思寫(xiě)作考試中,小作文是容易讓人忽視的一環(huán)。小作文雖然篇幅有限,但靈活多變,針對(duì)性極強(qiáng),是我們考試必須熟練的一類(lèi)。下面是小編搜集整理的關(guān)于雅思小作文怎么分類(lèi)的資料,歡迎查閱。
一、動(dòng)態(tài)圖
有時(shí)間推移變化的圖我們通常叫做動(dòng)態(tài)圖。曲線圖都是動(dòng)態(tài)圖,但是對(duì)于表格圖,餅圖和柱圖卻有動(dòng)態(tài)和靜態(tài)之分。對(duì)于大多數(shù)的動(dòng)態(tài)圖我們都可以大致當(dāng)作線圖來(lái)處理。動(dòng)態(tài)圖重點(diǎn)在數(shù)字變化的表達(dá)上,利用主語(yǔ)句型的不同和銜接關(guān)聯(lián)詞來(lái)展開(kāi)。寫(xiě)好動(dòng)態(tài)圖的基礎(chǔ)是要準(zhǔn)備好三個(gè)方面:
1. 解題思路
1). 表格題的動(dòng)態(tài)題解題思路大致可以分為四步:①先相減(年份大的減小的);②后分類(lèi)(上升一類(lèi),下降一類(lèi));③挑出極值(最大值);④挑選數(shù)值(倍數(shù)關(guān)系,變化明顯的數(shù)值);
2). 線圖的解題思路大致分為兩種:第一種:①按整條線來(lái)寫(xiě)(可以把相同趨勢(shì)的線放在一起,也可把相反趨勢(shì)的線拿來(lái)做對(duì)比);②挑選重要信息(整體趨勢(shì),起點(diǎn),重點(diǎn),最高點(diǎn),最低點(diǎn));③整體作比較。第二種:①按時(shí)間區(qū)間來(lái)寫(xiě)(橫軸對(duì)上去有共同拐點(diǎn)或交點(diǎn)的分為一段);②對(duì)比著寫(xiě)(強(qiáng)調(diào)交點(diǎn),拐點(diǎn),最高點(diǎn),最低點(diǎn));
3). 動(dòng)態(tài)柱圖解題思路:把各個(gè)柱子的頂點(diǎn)連起來(lái)就是幾條線,所以按線圖方式處理;
4). 動(dòng)態(tài)餅圖解題思路:把每種顏色看做一條線,可把相同相反的顏色放在一起寫(xiě),很多時(shí)候也可以把占的比例最大的單獨(dú)寫(xiě)一部分。
2. 基礎(chǔ)替換詞匯
1). 趨勢(shì)詞匯
上升動(dòng)詞類(lèi):increase, rise, grow, jump, surge, shoot up, soar
下降動(dòng)詞類(lèi):decrease, decline, fall down, drop, sink, dip
波動(dòng)動(dòng)詞類(lèi):fluctuate
持平動(dòng)詞類(lèi):remain the same, stabilize, remain stable, remain constant
修飾動(dòng)詞的副詞:slightly 輕微地,slowly 緩慢地,gradually 逐漸地,steadily 穩(wěn)定地,rapidly 迅速地,moderately 溫和地,輕微地,significantly 明顯地,sharply 明顯地,dramatically 急劇地,drastically 急劇地
上升名詞類(lèi):increase, rise, growth, jump, surge
下降名詞類(lèi):decrease, decline, fall, reduction, drop
波動(dòng)名詞類(lèi):fluctuation
修飾名詞的形容詞:slight, slow, gradual, steady, rapid, moderate, significant, sharp, dramatic, drastic
2). 極值類(lèi)詞匯和表達(dá)
最高點(diǎn):reach the peak/top/highest point
Increase to the peak/top/highest point(所有上升類(lèi)的動(dòng)詞都可以替換掉increase)
最低點(diǎn):reach the bottom/lowest point
drop to the bottom/lowest point(所有下降類(lèi)的動(dòng)詞都可以替換掉drop)
占了:occupy/make up/take up/account for/represent/constitute
3). 倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方式
Double 是兩倍/大一倍
Increase/decrease three times 增長(zhǎng)/減少了三倍
4). 大約的表達(dá)方式
Approximately/about/around+數(shù)字
3. 常用的小作文的趨勢(shì)句式表達(dá)
句式一:變化主體/圖畫(huà)中主體+趨勢(shì)動(dòng)詞+副詞+數(shù)值+時(shí)間區(qū)間
Eg: The number of aged people over 65 increased significantly from 1 million in 1940 to 1.2 million in 2000.
句式二:There be+形容詞+表示趨勢(shì)的名詞+in+變化的主體+時(shí)間區(qū)間
Eg: There was a significant increase in the number of aged people over 65 from 1 million in 1940 to 1.2million in 2000.
句式三:時(shí)間+see/experience/witness+ 表示趨勢(shì)的名詞+in+ 變化的主體+ 數(shù)值
Eg: The period from 1940 to 2000 saw an upward trend in the number of aged people over 65 from 1 million to 1.2 million.
句式四:表示趨勢(shì)的名詞+be+seen/experienced/witnessed+in+變化的主體+時(shí)間
Eg: An upward trend was seen in the number of aged people over 65 from 1 million in 1940 to 1.2million in 2000.
二、靜態(tài)圖
靜態(tài)圖常見(jiàn)的是柱圖,餅圖和表格題。靜態(tài)圖的寫(xiě)作思路相對(duì)比較多元化,重點(diǎn)在比較關(guān)系上,利用比較句式和排序方式來(lái)展開(kāi)。我們主要也從以下幾個(gè)角度來(lái)分析:
1. 解題思路
1). 表格題的靜態(tài)題解題思路大致可以分為三步:①先分類(lèi)(橫向,縱向或者橫豎交替);②挑出極值(最大值與最小值);③挑選剩余數(shù)值(倍數(shù)關(guān)系,兩個(gè)數(shù)值,變化明顯的數(shù)值);
2). 靜態(tài)柱圖解題思路:第一種:①按顏色來(lái)分類(lèi);②總體做比較。第二種:①按特征分(把有相同特征的分在一起);
3). 靜態(tài)餅圖解題思路:①若單個(gè)餅圖不相關(guān)時(shí),單個(gè)餅圖分開(kāi)寫(xiě)最后整體總結(jié);②若是同一相關(guān)事物的比較也是按顏色特征先分類(lèi),后作比較。
2. 基礎(chǔ)替換詞匯
1). 占據(jù):
take up / make up / occupy/ account for
Constitute / be the instrument of 致成物
2). 剩余事物:
the rest
the remainder
sth is in the charge of
due to/owing to/attributed/ascribed to/ for sth
60%= three-fifths/three out of five
5/6=five-sixths
a/the majority of = a large portion/ part/ share / proportion/ percentage
>80% (93%)= a lion’s share/maximal proportion of
5%= a minority of, a tiny portion
37.8%= comparatively a majority of (<50%的最大值)
87%/76% = comparatively a minority of
3. 靜態(tài)圖表示數(shù)值方式句式表達(dá)
1). 多個(gè)事物的排列法一(餅圖,柱形圖,表格)
①A is the largest/smallest/longest...
②B is a close/far second with just+數(shù)字less.
或者:which is followed by B.
③Third comes C with only +數(shù)字
或者:C is close/far behind with +數(shù)字
或者:C takes third spot/place with +數(shù)字
④Following C comes D with +數(shù)字
⑤Finally/the rest is ,……
2). 多個(gè)事物的排列法二(餅圖,柱形圖,表格)
A occupied the maximal portion of the 研究對(duì)象, with 數(shù)字, while B accounted for comparatively less rate, with only _(占據(jù)), ranking second. Furthermore, the third, forth and fifth places(或者用數(shù)字)altogether of the 研究對(duì)象 was shared by C,D and E(共享). The remaining part of it was due to F, G, H, I and J which follow the same trend and taking sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth respectively.(剩余)
三、雅思寫(xiě)作議論文論點(diǎn)常見(jiàn)誤區(qū)
1、經(jīng)??忌谘潘紝?xiě)作中出現(xiàn)這樣一類(lèi)句子。它不是闡述理由的觀點(diǎn)句,在文章中沒(méi)有任何功能性且無(wú)意義,只是對(duì)自己將要論述的話題做一個(gè)宣告。即沒(méi)有作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度,也不知道作者要從哪個(gè)方向去寫(xiě)。比如:“The subject of this essay is purpose of schooling.”或“I would like to write about the causes and solutions of juvenile delinquency.”這類(lèi)句子不能出現(xiàn)在主體段做論點(diǎn),也不適合做雅思寫(xiě)作的話題引入。
2、觀點(diǎn)過(guò)于廣泛。教學(xué)中我們經(jīng)常強(qiáng)調(diào),雅思寫(xiě)作論點(diǎn)一定要寫(xiě)的具體,越細(xì)越好。而考生經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題就是會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些很寬泛的論點(diǎn)句,以至于在較短的篇幅里并不能充分展開(kāi),甚至有時(shí)候會(huì)造成觀點(diǎn)重疊。比如:“Mobile phones have changed our life greatly. ”這句只是說(shuō)手機(jī)很大程度上改變了人們的生活,但是并未點(diǎn)明從哪些方面上帶來(lái)了改變,因此把這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)具化一下:“Mobile phones can serve as a connection to the Internet, which can be extremely convenient for obtaining information wherever you may be.”再比如:“Advertising has bad effects on all of society. ”這一句說(shuō)廣告有不良影響,我們需要寫(xiě)出具體的方面“Advertisements which exaggerate the function of the products may mislead the consumers.”
3、與第二種誤區(qū)相反,有類(lèi)考生的雅思寫(xiě)作論點(diǎn)寫(xiě)的過(guò)于狹窄以至于沒(méi)有展開(kāi)的空間甚至沒(méi)有進(jìn)一步支持的必要。這類(lèi)句子與其說(shuō)是觀點(diǎn),倒不如說(shuō)是事實(shí)的陳述或者只是舉了個(gè)例子而已。比如:“There are more local residents engaged in tourism industry. ”這句陳述了一個(gè)事實(shí)就是在當(dāng)?shù)卦絹?lái)越多人開(kāi)始從事旅游業(yè),并非觀點(diǎn),可改為:“Tourism brings huge economic benefits to local residents.”再比如:“The consumption of fossil fuels increase in recent years. ”這句說(shuō)化石燃料的消費(fèi)近年來(lái)有增長(zhǎng),需給出論述重點(diǎn),假設(shè)我們要論述原因:“The consumption of fossil fuels increasing in recent years results from two factors.”
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