四級(jí)英語題目,四級(jí)英語題目類型

大學(xué)英語四級(jí)翻譯新題型精選60道專練

絲綢之路

英語四級(jí)分?jǐn)?shù)分配(2)一、聽力理解（35%，共249分 合格150分）；二、閱讀理解（35%，共249分 合格150分）；三、綜合測(cè)試（15%，共106分 合格64分）；四、寫作（15%，共106分 合格64分）；其中。

四合院結(jié)構(gòu)

秦始皇陵墓

景德鎮(zhèn)

筷子

畢業(yè)生過剩

中國貿(mào)易

法定假日

中國扇子

茶

二、英語四級(jí)聽力理解部分：248.5分 聽力部分占整套試題的35%，除聽力篇章外每個(gè)題都是7.1分。1、短篇新聞：選擇題（單選） 7%共7小題，每小題7.1分。2、長對(duì)話：選擇題（單選） 8%8個(gè)題目每小題7.

信用卡

山體滑坡

中國肥胖問題

臺(tái)風(fēng)“潭美”

秧歌

快速老齡化

中國人均GDP

洛陽

保健食品

中國經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)放緩

靈隱寺

少林功夫

子女探望父母

四合院

八大菜系

中國出境游

茶馬古道

現(xiàn)代人類

全球變暖

中國城市化

京劇

英語四級(jí)作文題目1∶ On Card Slave 卡奴是指一個(gè)人使用大量的現(xiàn)金卡、信用卡，但負(fù)擔(dān)不出繳款金額或是以卡養(yǎng)卡、以債養(yǎng)帳等方式，一直在還利息錢的人。1. 目前出現(xiàn)許多年輕人變成卡奴現(xiàn)象 2. 出現(xiàn)這一現(xiàn)象的原因 3。

月光族

畢業(yè)生就業(yè)

孔子

房地產(chǎn)

新年

剪紙

找工作

英語四級(jí)的題型主要分為四類，按順序分別是：寫作、聽力、閱讀、翻譯。這里小編分享免費(fèi)歐美外教四級(jí)教程給大家，點(diǎn)擊下方藍(lán)字鏈接即可領(lǐng)取?！久赓M(fèi)領(lǐng)取，外教一對(duì)一精品課程】，專業(yè)外教教你如何掌握四級(jí)備考技巧。在阿卡索。

龍圖騰

秧歌舞

長城

餃子

針灸

中國功夫

漢字

筷子

印章

天干地支

京劇

道教

中國成語

絲綢

中國園林

筆墨紙硯

七夕

人口老齡化

對(duì)外開放

假日經(jīng)濟(jì)

通信科技

文化節(jié)

端午節(jié)

中秋節(jié)

1.絲綢之路(the Silk Road)是歷史上連接中國和地中海的一條重要 貿(mào)易路線。因?yàn)檫@條路上的絲綢貿(mào)易占絕大部分，所以在1877年它 被德國的一位地理學(xué)家命名為“絲綢之路”。這條古道從長安開始， 經(jīng)過河西走廊(the Hexi Corridor)，到達(dá)敦煌后分成三條：南部路線， 中部路線和北部路線。這三條路遍布新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)(Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region)，然后擴(kuò)展到巴基斯坦(Pakistan)，印度， 甚至羅馬。

在這部分要達(dá)到63.9分為及格。時(shí)間：30分鐘。二、英語四級(jí)聽力部分=248.5分。聽力部分占整套試題的35%，除聽力篇章外每個(gè)題都是7.1分。1、短篇新聞7%共7小題，每小題7.1分。2、長對(duì)話8%8個(gè)題目每小題7.1分。

The Silk Road is a historically important international trade route between China and the Mediterranean. Because silk comprised a large proportion of trade along this road，in 1877，it was named the Silk Road by an eminent German geographer. This ancient road begins at Chang’an，then by way of the Hexi Corridor，and it reaches Dunhuang，where it divides into three，the Southern Route，Central Route and North?ern Route. The three routes spread all over the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region，and then they extend as far as Pakistan，India and even Rome.

2.—個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的四合院通常由一個(gè)位于中心的院子和四側(cè)房屋構(gòu)成。 門通常漆成紅色，并有大的銅門環(huán)。通常情況下，全家人住在大院。 北端的正房由長輩居住，年輕_代生活在兩側(cè)的房子，朝南的房子里，通常是家庭客廳或書房。

A standard siheyuan usually consists of houses on its four sides with a yard in the center. The gates are usually painted red and have large copper door rings. Usually，a whole family lives in compound. The elder generation lives in the main house standing at the north end，the younger generations live in the side houses，and the south house is usually the family sitting room or study.

3.秦始皇陵墓(the Mausoleum of the Emperor Qin Shihuang)坐落在 陜西省西安市臨潼區(qū)以東5公里的驪山北部，是中國歷史上第一個(gè) 皇帝的最終休眠之地。它于公元前246年開始建造，工程持續(xù)了 38年。 它占地面積56.25平方公里，是中國歷史上最大的陵墓。The Mausoleum of the Emperor Qin Shihuang，located at the northern foot of the Lishan Mountain five kilometers east of Lintong District，Xi’an City，Shanxi Province，is the final resting place of the first emperor in the history of China. Its construction lasted for 38 years，commencing in 246BC. With an area of 56.25 square kilometers，it’s the largest mausoleum in China’s history.

4.景德鎮(zhèn)，中國瓷都(ceramic metropolis)，是世界瓷器藝術(shù)花園的 耀眼明珠。它位于長江南部，是江南一個(gè)有活力的城鎮(zhèn)。它制造瓷 器(porcelain)的歷史已經(jīng)有1700多年，已經(jīng)形成了豐富的瓷器文化，四級(jí)英語題目類型。 稀有的瓷器文物，一流的瓷器工藝，瓷樂器的優(yōu)雅表演，以及優(yōu)美 的田園風(fēng)光組成了景德鎮(zhèn)特別的旅游文化，而且讓景德鎮(zhèn)成為中國 唯一一個(gè)以瓷器旅游文化為特色的旅游城市。

Jingdezhen known as the ceramic metropolis of china is a brilliant pearl in the world’s art garden of ceramics. It is located on the south of the Yangtze River as a powerful tTown on the south of the Yangtze River. It has a porcelain making history of over 1700 years，which has been crystallized into its rich cultural tradition of ceramics. Rare ceramic rel?ics，superb ceramic craftsmanship，unique ceramic customs，graceful perform?ance of ceramic musical instruments and beautiful rural scenery make up the peculiar tourist culture of Jingdezhen and hence make Jingdezhen the only Chinese tourist city featuring ceramic culture.

5.說到筷子(chopsticks)的起源，中國是世界上第一個(gè)使用筷子的 國家，用筷子吃飯已經(jīng)有至少3000年的歷史了?？曜涌雌饋砗芎唵危?只有兩根小細(xì)棒，但它有很多功能，比如挑選，移動(dòng)，夾，攪拌或 者挖。此外，它便于使用，價(jià)格便宜。而且筷子也是世界上獨(dú)有的 餐具(tableware)。使用複子的人，無論是中國人還是外國人，都無 不欽佩筷子的發(fā)明者。

As the origin of chopsticks，China is the first country in the world to use chopsticks and has a history of at least 3，000 years to have meals with chopsticks. Chopsticks seems quite simple with only two small and thin sticks，but it is in possession of many functions，such as picking，moving，nipping，mixing and digging; moreover，it is convenient for use and cheap in price. Besides，chopsticks are also unique tableware in the world. Anyone using chopsticks，no matter Chinese or foreigners，would without exception admire the inventor of chopsticks.

6.2008全球經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退導(dǎo)致中國的新畢業(yè)生的就業(yè)市場(chǎng)顯著下降。 2009年畢業(yè)的學(xué)生將加入到2008年畢業(yè)仍在找工作的300萬學(xué)生 之中。畢業(yè)生過剩(glut)也可以歸因于大學(xué)入學(xué)率的提高和教育機(jī)構(gòu) 的增加。雖然大學(xué)的學(xué)生人數(shù)增加了，但是他們的質(zhì)量并沒有明顯 地提高。在大多數(shù)情況下，畢業(yè)生無法在2008年找到合適的就業(yè)機(jī) 會(huì)是因?yàn)樗麄儧]有行業(yè)所需的技能。

The 2008 global recession resulted in a significant drop in the job market for China’s new graduates. Students graduating in 2009 will join around three million students who graduated in 2008 and are still seeking job opportunities. The graduate glut can also be attributed to a rise in the number of college enrollments and educational institutions. Although the number of college students has increased，there has not been any significant improvement in their quality. In most cases，graduates were unable to find suitable employment in 2008 because they did not have the skills required by the industry.

7.對(duì)于世界上很多國家來說，中國正迅速成為他們最重要的雙邊 (bilateral)貿(mào)易伙伴。然而，中國和世界其他國家之間貿(mào)易不平衡的 問題已經(jīng)引發(fā)了關(guān)注。尤其是美國對(duì)中國的貿(mào)易赤字是最大的，達(dá) 到了 3150億美元，這個(gè)數(shù)字是十年前的三倍還多。貿(mào)易糾紛(trade dispute)也越來越多，主要是關(guān)于傾銷(dumping)、知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)和人民 幣的估價(jià)。

For many countries around the world，China is rapidly becoming their most important bilateral trade partner. However，there have been concerns over large trade imbalances between China and the rest of the world. The US in particular has the largest trade deficit in the world with China at $315 billion，more than three times what it was a decade ago. There have also been a growing number of trade disputes brought against，mainly for dumping，intellectual property and the valuation of the yuan.

8.中國人民依法享受超過115天的假期，其中包括104天的周 末和11天的節(jié)假日。中國一年中有7個(gè)法定假日，包括元旦(New Year’s Day)，春節(jié)（Spring Festival)，清明節(jié)（Qingming Festival)，五一勞動(dòng)節(jié)(May Day)，端午節(jié)(Dragon Boat Festival)，中秋節(jié)(Mid- Autumn Day)和國慶節(jié)(National Day)。員工有5至15天的帶薪年假。學(xué)生和老師有大約三個(gè)月的寒暑假。在中國，暑假_般約在7月1 日開始，8月31日左右結(jié)束，寒假是根據(jù)春節(jié)的日期，通常是在1 月或2月。?

Chinese people legally enjoy over 115 days off including 104 days of weekends and 11 days of festivals. China has seven legal holidays in a year，including New Year’s Day，Spring Festival，Qingming Festival，May Day，Dragon Boat Festival，Mid-Autumn Day and National Day. Employees have 5 to 15 days of paid annual leave. Students and teachers have summer and winter vacations for about three months. The summer vacation in China generally starts around July 1st and ends around August 31st，and the winter vacation usually falls on January or February according to the date of the Spring Festival.

9.中國扇子的歷史可以追溯到3000多年前的商朝(the Shang Dynasty)。第一種扇子叫作“扇汗”（Shanhan)，是拴在馬車上用來 擋住強(qiáng)烈的陽光，給乘客遮雨的。“扇汗”有點(diǎn)像現(xiàn)在的雨傘。后來 “扇汗”變成了由薄但是結(jié)實(shí)的絲綢或者鳥的羽毛做成的長柄扇，稱 為中山扇（Zhangshan fan)，它主要用于皇帝的儀仗(honour guard)裝 飾。

The history of Chinese fan can be dated to over 3，000 years ago，around the Shang Dynasty. The first type of fan，known as Shanhan，was tied to a horse-drawn carriage to shut out the strong sunshine and shelter the passengers from the rainfall. The Shanhan was a bit like today’s umbrella. Later this Shanhan became a long-handled fan made of thin and tough silk or birds5 feathers，called a Zhangshan fan，which was mainly used by the emperor’s honour guard as decoration.

2、A?lot?of?people?seem?to?think?that?很多人似乎認(rèn)為……1、Taking?all?these?factors?into?consideration,?we?naturally?come?to?the?conclusion?that?把所有這些因素加以考慮，我們自然會(huì)得出結(jié)論……1、It。

10.中國是茶的故鄉(xiāng)。據(jù)說早在五六千年前，中國就有了茶樹(tea- shrub)，而且有關(guān)茶樹的人類文明可以追溯到兩千年前。來自中國的 茶和絲綢、瓷器(porcelain)—樣，在1000年前為世界所知，而且一 直是中國重要的出口產(chǎn)品。目前世界上40多個(gè)國家種植茶，其中亞 洲國家的產(chǎn)量占世界總產(chǎn)量的90%。其他國家的茶樹都直接或間接 地起源于中國。

China is the homeland of tea. It is believed that China has tea- shrubs as early as five to six thousand years ago，and human cultivation of teaplants can date back two thousand years. Tea from China，along with her silk and porcelain，began to be known the world over more than a thousand years ago and has since always been an important Chinese export. At present more than forty countries in the world grow tea with Asian countries producing 90% of the world’s total output. All tea trees in other countries have their origin directly or indirectly in China.

11.信用卡(credit card)是銀行所創(chuàng)造出來的最便捷同時(shí)也是最危險(xiǎn) 的信用工具。通過信用卡，人們可以先用銀行付賬的方式購買那些 負(fù)擔(dān)不起的物品，同時(shí)，銀行也將對(duì)此征收比_般貸款要高的利率 (interest rate)。遺憾的是，信用卡現(xiàn)巳成為資本主義體制(capitalist system)的重要組成部分，而該體制就得依賴消費(fèi)(consumption)的持 續(xù)增長。?Credit cards are one of the most convenient devices ever cre ated by the banking system but，at the same time，one of the most danger?ous. They allow people to buy things they，otherwise，couldn’t afford， with money created by the banks and，charged out at much higher interest rates than normal loans. Unfortunately，credit cards have become an es?sential part of the capitalist system which only survives on the continued growth in consumption.

12.都江堰中興鎮(zhèn)發(fā)生山體滑坡(landslide)——這是2008年四川地 震時(shí)受災(zāi)最嚴(yán)重的地方。山體滑坡覆蓋了大約兩平方公里，摧毀了 至少11所房子。到目前為止，已有200多名居民被疏散。山體滑 坡幾個(gè)小時(shí)后，巡邏隊(duì)員到達(dá)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)時(shí)，一切都已經(jīng)是一片汪洋。目 擊者描述石頭和殘骸（debris)從山上滾下來，不到三分鐘就把八座 房屋吞沒了。

The landslide occurred in the town of Zhongxing is Dujiangyan —one of the places badly hit by the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. The landslide，which covered about 2 sq km，damaged at least 11 homes. So far more than 200 residents have been evacuated. By the time patrol members arrived at the scene，a few hours after the landslide，everything was already a vast expanse of water. Eyewitnesses described stones and debris running down the hill and covering around eight homes in less than three minutes.

13.國家體育總局(the General Administration of Sport)在一項(xiàng)調(diào)查中 發(fā)現(xiàn)，自2010年以來，20-39歲的中國人體重增加更多——1.9千克。 這個(gè)年齡段中超過11%的人屬于肥胖，這在三年的時(shí)間里就上漲了 兩個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。

China’s young adults are gaining more weight and exercising less than their elders. Chinese from ages 20 to 39 have put on more kilograms — 1.9 kg ——than other adults since 2010，the General Administration of Sport found in a survey. More than 11% from the age group were obese，up two percentage points in only three years.

14.星期四這天，圍觀者們聚集在一起觀看暴風(fēng)的時(shí)候，臺(tái)風(fēng)“潭美”（Typhoon Trami)引發(fā)的60英尺高的海水，在海寧市附近的海岸 突然落下。當(dāng)時(shí)并沒有立刻弄清楚人們傷勢(shì)有多嚴(yán)重，也沒有任何 死亡的報(bào)告。這場(chǎng)臺(tái)風(fēng)是由于浙江省東部的暴雨和時(shí)速80英里的風(fēng) 引起的，它迫使40萬人離開家園，造成了數(shù)百萬美元的損失。

The 60-foot wall of water — triggered by Typhoon Trami — crashed on the shore near the city of Haining，where onlookers gathered to watch the storm on Thursday. It was not immediately clear how bad the people were injured. There were no reports of any deaths. The typhoon — which caused heavy rain and 80-mph winds along the eastern Zhejiang Province — forced over 400，000 people to be evacuated from their homes and caused millions of dollars of damage.

15.秧歌是農(nóng)歷正月的主要的民族花市形式。在這種活動(dòng)中，兩人 都盛裝打扮，輪流唱歌跳舞，其他人作為唱歌和跳舞的搭檔。鑼(gong) 鼓按照節(jié)奏敲打;嗩吶（suona)或其他傳統(tǒng)的弦樂器、木管樂器作為 背景音樂。

Yangge，which is one of the main forms of folk flower fair actions in the first month of the lunar year. In this activity，two people are dressed up，singing and dancing in antiphonal style，others act as singing and dancing partners. The gong and drum are beaten in rhythm;?suona or other traditional stringed and woodwind instruments are dubbed in background music.

16.根據(jù)全國老齡工作委員會(huì)(the China National Committee On Aging)的數(shù)據(jù)來看，到2053年，中國60歲及以上的老人數(shù)量預(yù)計(jì) 會(huì)從目前的1.85億一躍變?yōu)?.87億，或者說是占總?cè)丝诘?5%。擴(kuò) 張的比例是由于壽命的增加和計(jì)劃生育政策(family planning policies) 限制大部分城市家庭只生一個(gè)孩子?？焖倮淆g化對(duì)社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定 造成了嚴(yán)重威脅。

17.自從1978年經(jīng)濟(jì)改革以來，中國已經(jīng)完成了從中央計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì) (centrally planned economy)向市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)(market based economy)的轉(zhuǎn)變。超過6億人已經(jīng)脫離了貧困，但是仍然有超過1.7億人生活在 國際貧困線以下 天少于1.25美元。2012年，中國的人均GDP 為12405.67美元，這是30年前的37倍。到2018年，中國的人均 GDP將從世界第90位上升到第75位。然而，這仍然是低于預(yù)計(jì)的 世界平均水平。

Since initiating market reforms in 1978，China has shifted from a centrally planned to a market based economy. More than 600 million citizens have been lifted out of poverty，but over 170 million people still live below the $1.25-a-day international poverty line. In 2012，China’s GDP (PPP) per capita was $12，405.67. This is 37 times higher than what it was just 30 years ago. By 2018，China’s GDP per capita will climb from the 90th to 75th highest in the world. This however will still be below the forecasted world average.

18.靈隱寺(Lingyin Temple)位于浙江省杭州市西湖的西北部。它是 江南著名古剎。該寺建于公元326年，有1600多年的歷史。傳說，印度一個(gè)叫作慧理的和尚來到杭州，被這美麗的山區(qū)景色深深地吸 引了。他認(rèn)為這里有神佛，所以建了一座廟宇，取名“靈隱”，意思 是隱藏的靈魂。據(jù)說著名的濟(jì)公和尚也是在這座寺廟皈依的，這使 靈隱寺更加有名。

　Lingyin Temple is located in the northwest side of West Lake in Hangzhou，Zhejiang Province. It is a famous ancient temple in the south of the Yangtze River. The temple was built in 326 AD and has a history of over 1，600 years. Legend has it that an Indian monk named Huili came to Hangzhou and was deeply attracted by the beautiful mountainous scenery. He thought there lived immortals and then he built a temple and named it “Lingyin”，which means hidden souls. It is said that the famous monk Jigong also took vows in the temple，which made Lingyin Temple even more famous.

19.洛陽是地處中原的河南省西部一個(gè)地級(jí)市(prefecture-level city)。 它東部舭鄰省會(huì)鄭州，南接南陽，西連三門峽(S_enxia)，北鄰濟(jì)源。 在唐代(the Tang Dynasty)，洛陽是東都(Dongdu)，東部首都，其人 口最多的時(shí)候有100萬左右，僅次于當(dāng)時(shí)世界上最大的城市——長安。 在短暫的五代(Five Dynasties)時(shí)期，洛陽是后梁(Later Liang)，后唐 (Later Tang)和后晉(Later Jin)的首都，后來。北宋(the North Song Dynasty)時(shí)期，洛陽是西部首都，也是宋朝的建立人趙匡胤的出生地?！　?/p>

Luoyang is a prefecture-level city in western Henan province of Central China. It borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the east，Nanyang to the south，Sanmenxia to the west，and Jiyuan to the north. During the Tang Dynasty，Luoyang was Dongdu (東都)，the “Eastern Capital and at its height had a population of around one million，second only to Chang，an，which，at the time，was the largest city in the world. During the short-lived Five Dynasties，Luoyang was the capital of the Later Liang，Later Tang，and Later Jin. During the North Song Dynasty，?Luoyang was the “Western Capital” and birthplace of Zhao Kuangyin，the founder of Song Dynasty.

20.中國的保健食品（health food)市場(chǎng)首次出現(xiàn)于20世紀(jì)80年代。 保健食品是指具有特定保健功能或補(bǔ)充維生素或礦物質(zhì)的食品。保 健食品適用于特定人群消費(fèi)，具有調(diào)節(jié)人體功能的效果，但不用于 治療疾病的目的。保健食品有兩種。一種是具有特定保健功能的食品， 另外一種是營養(yǎng)補(bǔ)充劑。

China’s health food market first emerged in the 1980s. Health food refers to food products which claim to have specific health functions or supplement one’s vitamins or minerals. Health food is suitable for the consumption by specific groups of people and has the effect of regulating human body functions，but is not used for the purpose of treating diseases. There are two kinds of health food. One is food with specific health func?tions，the other is nutritional supplements.

21.就像向中國出售商品的公司會(huì)看到收益有損失一樣，中國經(jīng)濟(jì) 活動(dòng)放緩有著世界性的影響。包括澳大利亞、巴西和東南亞在內(nèi)的 其他國家近年來都看到了巨大的利潤，因?yàn)橹袊鴮?duì)自然資源有需求。 中國的需求下降巳經(jīng)對(duì)很多商品的價(jià)格有了影響。上周，中國財(cái)政 部長樓繼偉表示，今年的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長可能為7%，英語四級(jí)真題試卷pdf，而這不一定是“底線”。

A slowdown in economic activity in China has a global impact as companies that sell to China may see revenues suffer. Countries includ?ing Australia，Brazil and others in South East Asia have seen huge profits in recent years because of Chinese demand for natural resources. The fall in demand from China has already had an impact on the prices of many commodities. Last week，China’s Finance Minister Lou Jiwei indicated that economic growth could be 7% for the year，and that this may not be the “bottom line”.

22.少林功夫(Shaolin Kungfii)是河南登封少林寺信奉佛教文化的和 尚們練習(xí)的_種武術(shù)(martial arts)。少林寺，建于北魏(the Northern Wei Dynasty)太和期(Taihe Period)十九年，是少林功夫發(fā)展的文化 空間。少林功夫最初是佛教僧侶練習(xí)的，他們的職責(zé)是保護(hù)寺廟。 現(xiàn)在經(jīng)過1500多年的發(fā)展，少林功夫已逐步發(fā)展成為一種完美技術(shù) 和豐富含義相融合的藝術(shù)，在全世界享有聲譽(yù)。

Shaolin Kungfu is a kind of martial arts practiced by monks under the special Buddhist culture of the Shaolin Temple in Dengfeng City，Henan Province. The Shaolin Temple，英語四級(jí)真題，built in the Nineteenth year of Taihe Period during the Northern Wei Dynasty，is a cultural space for the development of the Shaolin Kungfu. The Shaolin Kungfii，which is originally practiced by the Buddhist monks whose duties were to protect the temple，英語四級(jí)真題word版，has been gradually developed into an art of perfect technology，abundant meanings and high reputation in the whole world after more than 1500 years of development.

23.這周頒布的一項(xiàng)新法律要求子女必須經(jīng)常探望年齡超過60歲的 父母，并確保他們經(jīng)濟(jì)和精神上的需求得到滿足。星期二，新華社 報(bào)導(dǎo)了_條新聞，來自江蘇市無錫市的一位77歲的老太太起訴她的 女兒忽略她。這是新法律生效后的第一起案件，當(dāng)?shù)胤ㄔ阂?guī)定她的 女兒至少每月探望母親兩次，并提供財(cái)力支持。但是這項(xiàng)法律引發(fā) 了爭(zhēng)議。有人說這給了那些因?yàn)楣ぷ?、學(xué)習(xí)或者其他原因搬離家鄉(xiāng) 的人更多壓力。

A new national law introduced this week requires the offspring of parents older than 60 to visit their parents “frequently” and make sure their financial and spiritual needs are met. On Tuesday，Xinhua reported a news that a 77-year-old woman from Jiangsu city of Wuxi sued her daughter for neglecting her. In the first case after the new law came into effect，the local court ruled that her daughter must visit her at least twice a month and provide financial support. But the law’s introduction has proved controversial. Some say it puts too much pressure on those who move away from home for work，study or other opportunities.

24.四合院是從明代的北京延續(xù)下來的古典建筑風(fēng)格的住宅。四合 院之間的狹窄的街道被稱為“胡同”。_個(gè)四合院有園林包圍著四個(gè) 房子，有高高的圍墻保護(hù)。四合院與胡同都是人們常見到的，有超 過700多年的歷史，但是由于現(xiàn)在的城市改造和中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展， 四合院慢慢地從北京消失。

Si He Yuan is a classical architecture style of residential hous?ing of Beijing citizens dated from the Ming Dynasty. The narrow streets between the Si He Yuan are called “Hutong，’s. A single implementation of Si He Yuan comprises of garden surrounded by four houses and protected by high walls. Si He Yuan with Hutong which have been very familiar to people，having a history of more than 700 years now suffer from the ur?ban renovation and economic development of China，and they are slowly disappearing from Beijing.

25.中國一個(gè)幅員遼闊、資源豐富、歷史悠久的多民族國家，每個(gè) 民族都有其獨(dú)特的豐富菜肴。地域菜系在地理環(huán)境、氣候、文化傳 統(tǒng)、民族風(fēng)俗和其他因素的影響下經(jīng)過悠久歷史的發(fā)展已經(jīng)成形。 最有影響力、最具代表性的是魯、川、粵、閩、蘇、浙、湘、徽菜系， 這八種被人們稱為“八大菜系”。中國的“八大菜系”是以多種多樣 的烹飪方法區(qū)分的，各有其長處。

China is a time-honored multi-ethnics nation with a vast territory and abundant resources，and every ethnic group has its unique abundant dishes. Regional cuisines have taken shape after long-history evolution under the influence of geographical environment，climate，cultural tradition，folk customs and other factors. The most influential and representative ones are Lu，Chuan，Yue，Min，Su，Zhe，Xiang and Hui Cuisines，which are commonly known as “Eight Major Cuisines”. Dishes in the “Eight Major Cuisines” in China are characterized by diversified cooking skills，with each having its strong points.

這部分要達(dá)到63.9分為及格。時(shí)間：30分鐘 二、英語四級(jí)聽力部分 =248.5分 聽力部分占整套試題的35%，除聽力篇章外每個(gè)題都是7.1分。1、短篇新聞 7% 共7小題，每小題7.1分。2 、長對(duì)話 8% 8個(gè)題目 每小題7.

26.聯(lián)合國下屬機(jī)構(gòu)世界旅游組織(World Tourism Organization)公 布的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，中國游客對(duì)全球旅游業(yè)的貢獻(xiàn)最大。中國人去年花 在出境游上的支出膨脹至1020億美元，同2011年相比增長了 40%。 聯(lián)合國世界旅游組織在其網(wǎng)站上發(fā)布的一份

The figures from the United Nations World Tourism Organiza?tion show that Chinese travelers are making the most contributions to the global tourism industry. Chinese travelers spent a record $102 billion on outbound tourism last year，a 40% rise from 2011. That surge sent China screaming past Germany and the U.S. — the former No. 1 and No. 2 spenders，respectively 一 which both saw tourist outlays increase 6% year- on-year to around $84 billion in 2012，the UNWTO said in a statement on its website.

27.茶馬古道(Tea-horse Ancient Road)兩邊，生活著20多個(gè)少數(shù) 民族。不同的地方有著各自美麗而神奇的自然風(fēng)景和傳統(tǒng)文化，比 如:大理，麗江古城，香格里拉(Shangrila)，雅魯藏布江大峽谷和布 達(dá)拉宮(Potala Palace)。古道的兩旁有廟宇、巖石壁畫、騷站(post house)，古橋和木板路，還有少數(shù)民族舞蹈和民族服裝。時(shí)至今天， 雖然這條古道的蹤跡都消失了，但它的文化和歷史價(jià)值仍然存在。?

Along the Tea-horse Ancient Road lived more than 20 minori?ties. Concentrations of beautiful and mysterious natural landscapes and traditional cultures developed in various sites，including Dali old city，Lijiang old city，Shangrila，Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon，Potala Palace. The road features temples，rock paintings，post houses，ancient bridges and plank roads. It is also home to many national minorities and their dances and folk customs. Today，although the traces of the ancient road are fading away，its cultural and historic values remain.

28.現(xiàn)代人類約公元前50000年第一次從中亞或印度來到中國。這 些石器時(shí)代(Stone Age)的人，居住在洞穴中，穿著毛皮。公元前 4000年左右，這些人開始種植水稻，并飼養(yǎng)羊和雞。約公元前3000年， 他們開始使用陶器(pottery)并住在房子里。到公元前2000年，中國 人已進(jìn)入青銅時(shí)代(Bronze Age)，并開始用于寫字。約公元前700年， 中國的金屬工人學(xué)會(huì)制作鐵器工具和武器。

Modem humans first came to China from Central Asia or India about 50，000 BC. These were Stone Age people，who lived in caves and wore fur and leather. By around 4，000 BC，these people were starting to farm rice and keep sheep and chickens. By about 3，000 BC，they were using pottery and living in houses. By 2，000 BC，Chinese people had entered the Bronze Age and had begun to use writing. By about 700 BC， Chinese metal-workers learned to make iron tools and weapons.

29.目前，全球變暖是一個(gè)熱門話題，但是有關(guān)全球變暖的各項(xiàng)證 據(jù)似乎還有些不同的聲音。人們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)知道，地球的發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了 很多周期(cycle)，盡管在歷史上還未出現(xiàn)過像今天這樣的時(shí)代，即 高度工業(yè)化(industrialization)產(chǎn)生如此多的污染。全球變暖主要是由 于二氧化碳?xì)怏w(carbon dioxide)的增多。

Global warming is the hot topic around the world at this time but，there is also dissention about the evidence being presented to support the argument. The earth is known to go through cycles; although the past has never produced an age of so much industrialization causing the pollutioncurrently being experienced. A major source of the problem is the increase in carbon dioxide levels.

30.中國城市化(urbanization)將會(huì)充分釋放潛在內(nèi)需（domestic demand)。一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家指出，在中國幾乎所有的發(fā)展中城市都面臨 著城市化的進(jìn)程。這使得許多人的生活水平有所提高，也為人們提 供更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。隨著越來越多的人向城市遷徙，住房及城市基 礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)(infrastructure construction)，包括水源等能源的供應(yīng)將會(huì) 成為城市發(fā)展的焦點(diǎn)問題。商品與服務(wù)的自由、快速流通是城市化 社會(huì)的一項(xiàng)基本特征。逐漸擴(kuò)張的城市需要更多的零售店來滿足消 費(fèi)者的需求。

China’s urbanization will release the full potential of domestic demand. Some economists point out that urbanization is a process that is occurring in nearly every developing city in the country. It will lead to a better quality of life for many people，and provide individuals with more job opportunities. The construction of housing and city infrastructure，in?cluding water and energy supplies，will be a focal point of urban develop?ment as more people migrate to cities. Urbanization means better access to educational and medical resources in the city. But it also predicts less use of personal vehicles and more use of public transportation. The fast，free flow of goods and services is a basic trait of an urbanized society. Ex-panding cities require more retail outlets to serve customers.

31.京劇(Beijing Opera)是中國的國粹。作為一門古老的藝術(shù)，京 劇的服裝（costume)、臉譜(facial mask)更易被人喜愛。不同的服裝 類型反映不同的人物身份特征。富貴者的服裝綴滿精美的刺繡;窮困 者的服裝則簡單樸素，少有裝飾(elemental)。臉譜是京劇中塑造人物 形象的重要手段，它是用不同的顏色在臉上勾畫出來的。臉譜的顏 色讓人一看便知角色(portray)的善惡。比如白色代表奸詐(treachery)， 黑色代表正直不阿，黃色是驍勇，藍(lán)、綠色多用于綠林好漢(rebellious fighters)，金、銀色多用于神佛(divinity and Buddhism)等。

Beijing Opera is the cream of the Chinese culture. As a tradi?tional art form，its costumes and facial mask are more popular with peo?ple. Different styles of costumes are used to reflect the status of different characters. There are more decorations in the costumes of nobles，while those of the poor tend to be simple and less elemental. Facial masks can reflect qualities of different characters. Facial masks using different colors are important ways to portray a character. People can tell a hero from a villain by the colors of the masks. In general，white usually represents treachery，black represents righteousness，yellow represents bravery，blue and green represent rebellious fighters，while gold and silver represent di?vinity and Buddhism.

32.中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展，帶來了消費(fèi)文化的曰益流行，同時(shí)也催 生了一批具有高學(xué)歷，充分享受資本主義消費(fèi)模式的年輕人，他 們習(xí)慣于當(dāng)月工資當(dāng)月花。因而被稱為“月光族”（the moonlight group)。“月光族”一詞出現(xiàn)于20世紀(jì)90年代后期，是用來諷刺那 些出身富裕、接受高等教育、充分享受快餐文化(fast food culture)的 年輕人。

二、英語四級(jí)聽力部分=248.5分。聽力部分占整套試題的35%，除聽力篇章外每個(gè)題都是7.1分。1、短篇新聞7%共7小題，每小題7.1分。2、長對(duì)話8%8個(gè)題目每小題7.1分。3、聽力篇章20%共10個(gè)小題，每小題14.2分。

China’s economy is developing very quickly，and has brought with it a culture of consumption more prevalent with each passing day. At the same time，it has brought into being an educated group of young people who enjoy capitalist consumption way. They’re used to spending money as soon as they get it every month，and so are called t6the moon?light group”. This word came into being during the 1990s，to make fun of those bom into wealth，who have received a high education，and who ap?preciate fast food culture.

33.許多剛畢業(yè)的大學(xué)生找不到工作，在校學(xué)生則擔(dān)心他們的未來。 多個(gè)調(diào)查顯示，三分之二的中國畢業(yè)生想在政府或者國有企業(yè)工作， 而不是為中國令人矚目的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長提供動(dòng)力的民營企業(yè)。政府和國 有企業(yè)被認(rèn)為能免受經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條的影響。如今幾乎沒有大學(xué)生愿意放 棄政府的鐵飯碗而下海、加入初創(chuàng)企業(yè)或自己創(chuàng)業(yè)。

Many recent college graduates can’t find a job and students are fearful about their future. Two-thirds of Chinese graduates say they want to work either in the government or state-owned firms，which are seen as recession-proof，rather than at the private companies that have powered China’s remarkable economic climb，surveys indicate. Few college stu?dents today，according to the surveys，are ready to leave the safe shores of government work and jump into the sea to join startups or go into business.

34.孔子(ConfUcius)是一位思想家、政治家，教育家，也是中國儒 學(xué)(the Ru School)思想的創(chuàng)始人。儒學(xué)(Confucianism)，這個(gè)道德和 宗教哲學(xué)的大系統(tǒng)建立在孔圣人(Master Kung)的教學(xué)上。馮友蘭， 中國思想史上20世紀(jì)偉大的的權(quán)威之一，把孔子在中國歷史上的影 響比作西方的蘇格拉底。

四六級(jí)各題型分值分布：英語四六級(jí)作文：106.5分，英語四六級(jí)聽力部分：248.5分，英語四六級(jí)閱讀理解：248.5分，英語四六級(jí)翻譯部分：106.5分。一、英語四級(jí)作文說明：寫作部分占整套試卷的106.5分。在這部分你要達(dá)到63。

Confucius was a thinker，political figure，educator，and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought. Confucianism，the great system of moral and religious philosophy built upon the teachings of Master Kung. Fung You-lan，one of the great 20th century authorities on the history ofChinese thought，compares Confucius9 influence in Chinese history with that of Socrates in the West.

35.過去的七年，中國的房地產(chǎn)(real estate)業(yè)經(jīng)歷了前所未有的高速增長。對(duì)于那些月薪較低卻渴望在大城市 擁有一套屬于自己的體面、舒適的棲身之所的人來說，高昂的房價(jià)是他們無法承受的負(fù)擔(dān)。鑒于這一狀況，政府近來采取了一系列的措施來防止房價(jià)過快增長，包括提高利率及增加房產(chǎn)稅等。目前，這些措施在部分城市已經(jīng) 取得了初步的成效。

In the past seven years，China’s real estate industry has developed in a record high speed. For those who earn less but are eager to own a decent and comfortable place of their own in a big city，the high housing price is a heavy burden that they cannot afford. For this reason，the government has taken a series of measures to prevent the housing price from rising too fast，including raising interest rates and increasing taxes on real estate etc. Presently，these measures have achieved initial effects in some cities.

36.中國新年是中國最重要的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，在中國也被稱為春節(jié)。新年的慶?；顒?dòng)從除夕開始一直延續(xù)到元宵節(jié)(the Lantern Festival)，即從農(nóng)歷(lunar calendar)最后一個(gè)月的最后一天至新年第一個(gè)月的第十五天。各地歡 度春節(jié)的習(xí)俗和傳統(tǒng)有很大差異，但通常每個(gè)家庭都會(huì)在除夕夜團(tuán)聚，一起吃年夜飯。為驅(qū)厄運(yùn)、迎好運(yùn)，家家戶戶都會(huì)進(jìn)行大掃除。人們還會(huì)在門上粘貼紅色的對(duì)聯(lián)(couplets)，對(duì)聯(lián)的主題為健康、發(fā)財(cái)和好運(yùn)。其他的活動(dòng)還有放鞭炮、發(fā)紅包和探親訪友等。

Chinese New Year is the most important traditional Chinese holiday. In China，it is also known as the Spring Festival. New Year celebrations run from Chinese New Year’s Eve，the last day of the last month of the lunar calendar，to the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month. Customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chinese New Year vary widely from place to place. However，New Year’s Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner. It is also traditional for every family to thoroughly clean the house in order to sweep away ill fortune and to bring in good luck. And doors will be decorated with red couplets with themes of health，wealth and good luck. Other activities include lighting firecrackers，giving money in red envelopes，and visiting relatives and friends.

37.剪紙(paper cutting)是中國最為流行的傳統(tǒng)民間藝術(shù)形式之一。中國剪紙有一千五百多年的歷史，在明朝和清朝時(shí)期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特別流行。人們常用剪紙美化居家環(huán)境，特別是在春節(jié)和婚慶期間， 剪紙被用來裝飾門窗和房間，以增加喜慶的氣氛。剪紙最常用的顏色是紅色，象征健康和興旺。中國剪紙?jiān)谑?界各地很受歡迎，經(jīng)常被用作饋贈(zèng)外國友人的禮物。

Paper cutting is one of Chinas most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1，500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations，in particular，paper cuttings are used to decorate doors，windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red，which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.

38.如今，越來越多的大學(xué)生抱怨很難找到好工作。造成這一現(xiàn)象的原因如下：首先，大學(xué)生把在校的大多數(shù) 時(shí)間都用在了專業(yè)學(xué)科學(xué)習(xí)上，只有當(dāng)他們開始找工作的時(shí)候，才意識(shí)到自己缺乏必要的職業(yè)培訓(xùn)。其次，大學(xué)生之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)也越來越激烈，這導(dǎo)致任何一名大學(xué)生找到工作的機(jī)會(huì)都變小了。因此，強(qiáng)烈建議大學(xué)生在 課余時(shí)間做一些兼職工作，以積累相關(guān)的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

Nowadays，more and more university students complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job. The reasons for this phenomenon are as follows: First，college students spend most of their time at school studying academic subjects and it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training. Second，competition among graduates has become more and more fierce. And this results in a decreased chance for any individual graduate to find a job. Therefore，it is highly suggested that college students should do some part-time jobs in their spare time to accumulate relevant working experience.

39.對(duì)龍圖騰的崇拜在中國大約已綿延了八千多年。中國龍是古人將魚、蛇、馬、牛等動(dòng)物與云霧、雷電等自然天象集合而成的一種神物。 中國龍的形成與中華民族的多元融合過程同步。在中國人的心目中，龍具有振奮騰飛、開拓變化的寓意和團(tuán)結(jié)凝聚的精神。

Dragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8，000 years. The ancients in China considered the dragon (or loong) a fetish that combines animals including the fish，snake，horse and ox with cloud，thunder，lightning and other natural celestial phenomena. The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation. To the Chinese，the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion.

40.秧歌舞是中國漢族的一種民間傳統(tǒng)舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服裝，他們的表演動(dòng)作有力迅速。在農(nóng)歷春節(jié)、元宵節(jié)等節(jié)日期間，人們一旦聽到鑼鼓聲，不管外面天氣有多冷，他們都會(huì)蜂擁到街上看秧歌舞表演。近年來，中國東北某些城市的老年人自發(fā)組織了了秧歌隊(duì)，隊(duì)員常年通過跳秧歌舞來保持健康，同事他們也樂在其中。

Yangko is one of tradition folk dance of Han in China.It is usually performed in northern provinces. The dancers usually wear colorful and light costumes，and the performance is powerful and rapid. During some festivals such as Spring Festival，Lantein Festival，if people hear the sound of drum and gong，no matter how cold the weather is ，they will come to street and appreciate the Yangko. Recent years，the old people in city of east-northern of China organized the team of Yangko by themselves，the teamers keep their health by dancing Yangko the whole year.

41.長城是人類創(chuàng)造的世界奇跡之一。如果你到了中國卻沒去過長城，就想到了巴黎沒有去看看菲爾鐵塔，或者就像到了埃及沒有去看金字塔一樣。人們常說：“不到長城非好漢?！睂?shí)際上，長城最初只是一些斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的城墻，直到秦朝統(tǒng)一中國后才將其連城長城。然而，今天我們看到的長城——東起山海關(guān)，大學(xué)英語四級(jí)題庫免費(fèi)，西至嘉峪關(guān)——大部分都是在明代修建的。

The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that created by human beings! If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall，it&34;He who doest not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.&34;Great Wall" until the Qin Dynasty. However，the wall we see today，starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayunguan Pass in the west，was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty.

42.餃子是深受中國人民喜愛的傳統(tǒng)食品。 相傳為古代醫(yī)圣張仲景發(fā)明。餃子的制作是包括： 1） 搟皮、2） 備餡、3） 包餡水煮三個(gè)步驟。其特點(diǎn)是皮薄餡嫩，味道鮮美，形狀獨(dú)特，百食不厭。民間有“好吃不過餃子”的俗語。中國人接親待客、逢年過節(jié)都有包餃子吃的習(xí)俗，寓意吉利。對(duì)崇尚親情的中國人來說，“更歲交子”吃餃子，更是歡度除夕、辭舊迎新必不可少的內(nèi)容。

Dumplings are one of the Chinese people’s favorite traditional dishes. According to an ancient Chinese legend，dumplings were first made by the medical saint---Zhang Zhongjing. There are three steps involved in making dumplings: 1) make dumpling wrappers out of dumpling flour; 2) prepare the dumpling stuffing; 3) make dumplings and boil them. With thin and elastic dough skin，fresh and tender stuffing，delicious taste，and unique shapes，dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times. There’s an old saying that claims，“Nothing could be more delicious than dumplings”. During the Spring Festival and other holidays，or when treating relatives and friends，Chinese people like to follow the auspicious custom of eating dumplings. To Chinese people who show high reverence for family love，having dumplings at the moment the old year is replaced by the new is an essential part of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new year.

43. 針灸是中醫(yī)學(xué)的重要組成部分。按照中醫(yī)的經(jīng)絡(luò)理論，針灸療法主要是通過疏通經(jīng)絡(luò)、調(diào)和氣血，來達(dá)到陰陽歸于平衡，使臟腑趨于調(diào)和之目的。其特點(diǎn)是“內(nèi)病外治”。主要療法是用針刺入病人身體的一定穴位，或用艾火的溫?zé)岽碳撇∪说难ㄎ?，以達(dá)到刺激經(jīng)絡(luò)。治療病痛的目的。針灸以其獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢(shì)，流傳至今并傳播到了世界，與中餐、功夫、中藥一起被海外譽(yù)為中國的“新四大國粹”。

Acupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In accordance with the “main and collateral channels” theory in TCM，the purpose of acupuncture is to dredge the channel and regulate qi and blood，so as to keep the body’s yin and yang balanced and achieve reconciliation between the internal organs. It features in traditional Chinese medicine that “internal diseases are to be treated with external therapy”. The main therapy of acupuncture involves using needles to pierce certain acupoints of the patient’s body，or adopting moxibustion to stimulate the patient’s acupoints so as to stimulate the channels and relieve pain. With its unique advantages，acupuncture has been handed down generation after generation and has now spread all over the world. Nowadays，acupuncture，along with Chinese food，kung fu (otherwise known as Chinese martial arts)，and traditional Chinese medicine，has been internationally hailed as one of the “four new national treasures.”

44.中國功夫即中國武術(shù)，是將技擊寓于搏斗和套路運(yùn)動(dòng)之中的中國傳統(tǒng)體育項(xiàng)目，承載著豐富的中國民族傳統(tǒng)文化。其核心思想是儒家的中和養(yǎng)氣之說，同時(shí)兼容了道家、釋家的思想。中國武術(shù)源遠(yuǎn)流長、流派林立、拳種繁多，講究剛?cè)岵?jì)、內(nèi)外兼修，蘊(yùn)含著先哲們對(duì)生命和宇宙的參悟。后世所稱十八般武藝，主要指：徒手拳藝，如太極拳、形意拳、八卦掌等；器械功夫，如刀槍劍戟、斧鉞鉤叉等。

Chinese kung fu，or Chinese martial arts，carries traditional Chinese culture in abundance. It is a traditional Chinese sport which applies the art of attack and defence in combat and the motions engaged with a series of skill and tricks. The core idea of Chinese king fu is derived from the Confucian theory of both “the mean and harmony” and “cultivating qi” (otherwise known as nourishing one’s spirit). Meanwhile，it also includes thoughts of Taoism and Buddhism. Chinese kung fu has a long history，with multi-various sects and many different boxing styles，and emphasizes coupling hardness with softness and internal and external training. It contains the ancient great thinkers’ pondering of life and the universe. The skills in wielding the 18 kinds of weapons named by the later generations mainly involve the skills of bare-handed boxing，such as shadow boxing (Taijiquan)，form and will boxing (Xingyiquan)，eight trigram palm (Baguazhang)，and the skills of kung fu weaponry，such as the skill of using swords，spears，two-edged swords and halberds，axes，tomahawks，kooks，prongs and so on.

45.漢字是從原始人用以記事的簡單圖畫，經(jīng)過不斷演變發(fā)展最終成為一種兼具音、形、意韻的獨(dú)特文字?，F(xiàn)存中國古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文，被認(rèn)為是現(xiàn)代漢字的初形。此后，漢字又經(jīng)歷了金文、隸書、楷書、草書、行書等不同的階段。漢字結(jié)構(gòu)“外圓內(nèi)方“， 源于古人”天圓地方“的觀念。漢字有五種基本筆畫，即：橫、豎、撇、捺、折。

Chinese characters were initially meant to be simple pictures used to help people remember things. After a long period of development，it finally became a unique character system that embodies phonetic sound，image，idea，and rhyme at the same time. The writing system，which was extremely advanced in ancient times，began with inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells，and these are regarded as the original forms of Chinese characters. Afterwards，Chinese characters went through numerous calligraphic styles: bronze inscriptions，official script，regular script，cursive script，running script，etc. Chinese characters are usually round outside and square inside，which is rooted in ancient Chinese beliefs of an orbicular sky and a rectangular Earth. The five basic strokes of Chinese characters are “---“ (the horizontal stroke) “│” (the vertical stroke)，“／”( the left-falling stroke)，“＼” (the right-falling stroke)，and “乙” (the turning stroke).

46.中國人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上獨(dú)樹一幟。有史記載用筷的歷史已有三千多年。筷子古時(shí)稱為箸，它看似簡單，但卻同時(shí)具有夾、撥、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多種功能。中國民間視筷子為吉祥之物，如婚俗中將筷子隱喻為快生貴子的祝福等。與使用刀叉以及手抓的 方式不同，成雙結(jié)對(duì)的筷子含有“和為貴“的意蘊(yùn)。西方人贊譽(yù)筷子是古老的東方文明。

The Chinese way of eating with chopsticks is unique in the world. The recorded history of chopsticks started more than three thousand years ago. Chopsticks were named zhu in ancient Chinese. They look deceptively simple to use，but possess multi-various functions，such as clamping，turning over，lifting up，raking，stirring，scooping，poking，tearing，and so on. Chopsticks were taken as an auspicious mascot by ordinary people in ancient China. For example，the partial tone of chopsticks is often used by people as a metaphor at weddings to indicate a blessing or benediction for the couple to have a baby soon. Unlike using a knife and fork or one’s own hands，a pair of chopsticks also implies the meaning of “Harmony is what matters”. Chopsticks are highly praised by Westerners as a hallmark of ancient oriental civilization.

48.印章就是圖章。中國歷代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱記、合同、符、契等等不同的稱謂，而帝王所用的印章古時(shí)稱璽、印、寶、章等。據(jù)史料記載，印章在戰(zhàn)國時(shí)代已普遍使用。印章的制作是將篆隸等字體、圖像用陰、陽的形式雕刻而成，形狀以圓、方為主。印章用朱色 鈐蓋，除日常應(yīng)用外，又多用于書畫題識(shí)，逐漸成為中國特有的藝術(shù)形式之一。

A seal can also be defined as a stamp. Both the Chinese official and private seal of various dynasties have different titles，四級(jí)英語考試真題及答案，such as stamp，zhu note，contract，fu，lease and others. The seals used by the emperors of ancient China were called xi，yin，bao，etc. According to historical records，seals were widely used during the Warring States Period (475BC-221BC). The making of a seal is to engrave fonts，such as seal characters and official script and so on; or images in the form of intaglio and embossment into the seal，basically shaped as round or square. Covered with a vermilion overlay，the Chinese seal is not only used in daily life，but it is also used to represent signatures on paintings and calligraphies. It is gradually becoming one of China’s unique artworks.

49.天干地支是中國歷法中用以記錄和命名年歲的方法。十天干為：甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、已、庚、辛、壬、癸；十二地支為：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戊、亥。古人觀測(cè)朔望月，發(fā)現(xiàn)月亮圓缺12次大體上是一年的天數(shù)，而兩個(gè)朔望月約是60天。古人以十天干與十二地支的順序依次相配，記錄不同年份，60年為一個(gè)輪回。干支紀(jì)年法從古沿用至今。按干支紀(jì)年法，四級(jí)考試英語真題，2011年便是辛卯年。

The Chinese era is the symbol that the Chinese calendar uses for recording and naming years. The ten Heavenly Stems are: jia，yi，bing，ding，wu，ji，geng，xin，ren，gui. The twelve Earthly Branches are: zi.chou，yin，mou，chen，si，wu，wei，shen，you，xu，hai. After observing the lunar month，the ancients found that the moon always wazes and wanes roughly 12 times a year，and two lunar months account for about 60 days，so the order of the ten Heavenly Stems and the order of the twelve Earthly Branches are properly matched in turn. In terms of recording date，60 years is considered to be a full time cycle. The Chinese era chronology was first invented in ancient times and is still in use now. according to the chronology of the “ten Heavenly Stems，” 2011 is the year of “the seventh of the ten Heavenly Stems” and “ the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches”.

50.京劇被譽(yù)為“東方歌劇”， 是地道的中國國粹。它起源于中國多種古老的地方戲劇，特別是南方的“徽班”。到了19世紀(jì)末，京劇形成并成為中國最大的戲曲劇種。京劇是綜合性表演藝術(shù)，集唱（歌唱）、念（念白）、做（表演）、打（武）、舞（舞蹈）為一體，通過程式化的表演手段，敘述故事，刻畫人物。角色主要分生（男性）、旦（女性）、凈（男性）、丑（男性女性皆有）四大行當(dāng)。

Praised as “Oriental Opera”，Beijing Opera is a genuine national quintessence of China. It originated from many kinds of ancient local operas，especially huiban in southern China. At the end of the 19th Century，Beijing Opera evolved and took shape，becoming the greatest kind of opera in China. Beijing Opera is a blend of performing arts---song，speech，performance，acrobatix fighting and dance. Beijing Opera portrays and narrates the plot and characters through stylized acting. The main types of roles in Beijing Opera are sheng(male)，dan (young female)，jing (painted face，male)，and chou( clown，male or female).

51.道教是中國土生土長長的宗教。創(chuàng)始人是春秋末期的哲學(xué)家、思想家老子。道教以老子所著的《道德經(jīng)》為主要經(jīng)典。道教主張“重人貴生”。崇尚清靜無為，修身養(yǎng)性?！暗揽傻溃浅５?。名可名，非常名。無名天地之始；有名萬物之母。故常無，欲以觀其妙；常有，欲以觀其徼”便是老子的至理名言。

Taoism first originated in China. The founder of Taoism is Laozi，a philosopher and thinker who lived in the late Spring and Autumn Period (770BC-476BC). Tao Te Ching whose authorship has been attributed to Laozi，is considered to be the main Taoist classic. Taoism advocates the value of a human being’s life，recommends the discarding of all desires and worries from one’s mind，and encourages the cultivation of moral character and the nourishment of human nature. The following is an example of Laozi’s golden saying: The way that can be told of is not an unvarying way; The names that can be named are not unvarying names. It was from the nameless that Heaven and Earth sprang; The named is but the mother that rears the ten thousand creatures，each after its kind. Truly，only he that rids himself forever of desire can see the secret essences; He that has never rid himself of desire can see only the outcomes.

52.中國成語是漢語中意義完整的表示一般概念的固定詞組或短語?！俺烧Z”中的“成”既是約定俗成，大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試真題。成語是比詞大而語法功能又相當(dāng)于詞的語言單位。絕大多數(shù)的中國成語由四個(gè)漢字組成，例如：自強(qiáng)不息、青出于藍(lán)、厚積薄發(fā)。成語主要從民間諺語、古代文學(xué)作品、詩歌、寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提煉而成，是漢語語言中精煉而又富有生命力的一部分。

Chinese idioms refer to comprehensive and integrated fixed phrases and expressions. Idioms are established and accepted by constant usage and common practice. An idiom is a language unit that is larger than a word，but has the same grammatical function as a word. Most Chinese idioms consist of four characters. For example，ziqiangbuxi ( make unremitting efforts to improve oneself)，qingchuyulan(bluer than indigo)，and houjibofa (success comes with time and effort). Idioms are extrated from folk proverbs，ancient works of literature，poems，fables，allusions，and well-known sayings. Idioms are a part of the Chinese language that are concise and have great vitality.

53.中國是絲綢的故鄉(xiāng)。栽桑、養(yǎng)蠶、繅絲、織綢是中國古代人民的偉大發(fā)明。商周時(shí)期絲綢的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)就已發(fā)展到相當(dāng)高的水平。西漢時(shí)張騫通西域，把中原與波斯灣、地中海緊密聯(lián)系起來，開辟了中外交流貿(mào)易的新紀(jì)元。從此中國的絲綢以其卓越的品質(zhì)、精美的花色和豐富的文化內(nèi)涵聞名于世，成為中國文化的象征。東方文明的使者。

China is the home of silk. Mulberry planting，sericulture，silk reeling and thickening are all great inventions of the ancient Chinese. As early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties (1600BC-256BC)，the Chinese people’s silk-weaving techniques had reached an extremely high level. During the Western Han Dynasty (206BC-25AD)，Zhang Qian，an outstanding diplomat，travelled around central Asia and connected China with the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean，opening up a new era of Sino-foreign trade，exchange and communication. From then on，China’s silk became well known for its extraordinary quality，exquisite design and color，and abundant culture connotations. Hitherto，Chinese silk has been accepted as a symbol of Chinese culture and the emissary of oriental civilization.

54.中國園林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等與自然地貌有機(jī)結(jié)合的環(huán)境藝術(shù)，是我國古代建筑藝術(shù)的珍寶。其建造原則是“妙極自然，宛自天開”。游賞中國古典園林，能充分領(lǐng)略“假自然之景，創(chuàng)山水真趣”的園林意境。在世界三大園林體系中，中國園林歷史悠久、內(nèi)涵豐富，被譽(yù)為世界造園史上的淵源之一。

The Chinese classical garden is a precious treasure of our ancient Chinese architecture. It is a kind of environment art，which systematically combines artificial mountains and rivers，plants and buildings with the natural landscape. The construction standard of a Chinese classical garden is “artificial as it is，the garden must look ingenious and natural.” When you go sightseeing in a Chinese classical garden，you should be able to appreciate its artistic concept which “makes use of the natural landscape to create the real fun of mountains and rivers for viewers.” Of the world’s three major garden systems，the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the origins of the world’s garden due to its long history and abundant connotations.

英語四級(jí)題型分布：1、短文寫作：占試卷的15％，及格為63.9分 2、聽力部分：占試卷的35％，及格為149分，即為要做對(duì)14題左右即可 （1）短篇新聞3段，共7題，占8％，每小題7.1分 （2）長對(duì)話2段，共8題。

55.筆墨紙硯是中國古代文人書房當(dāng)中必備的寶貝，被稱為“文房四寶”。用筆墨書寫繪畫在中國可追溯到五千年前。秦時(shí)已用不同硬度的毛和竹管制筆；漢代以人工制墨替代了天然墨；有了紙張以后，簡牘錦帛逐失其用；硯臺(tái)則隨筆墨的使用而發(fā)展。 “文房四寶”到宋朝以后特指湖筆、徽墨、宣紙、端硯?？梢哉f文房四寶書寫了整個(gè)中華文明。

The writing brush，ink stick，ink stone，and paper were requisite treasures in the study of the scholars of ancient China，and they are often referred to as the “Four Treasures of the Study.” The writing brush and ink stick have been used by the Chinese to write and paint since 5，000 years ago. In the Qin Dynasty (221BC---206BC)，people already used feathers of different hardness and bamboo trunks to make brushes. During the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD)，man-made ink was used instead of natural ink. After paper was invented by the Chinese，bamboo slips，wooden tablets，brocade and silk，which originally functioned as writing surfaces，gradually faded out. The ink stone was first developed with the use of writing brushes and ink. After the Song Dynasty (960AD---1279AD)，the “Four Treasure of the Study” particularly referred to hubi，the writing brush produced in Huzhou，Zhejiang province; huimo，the ink stick produced in Huizhou，Anhui province; xuan paper，a kind of paper produced in Xuanzhou，Anhui province; and duanyan，the ink stone made in Zhaoqing，Guangdong province (Zhaoqing was earlier called Duanzhou). Indeed，the Four Treasures of the Study” have writtin the whole Chinese civilization，as it is.

56.每年農(nóng)歷七月初七的七夕節(jié)，簡稱七夕，俗稱乞巧節(jié)，是中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日中最具浪漫色彩的一個(gè)節(jié)日。傳說每年的七月初七是牛郎、織女相會(huì)的日子。在這一天，人間的喜鵲（magpie）要飛到天上去，為牛郎和織女搭一座鵲橋，好讓二人渡過天河相見。在這一天的晚上，如果靜靜地躲在葡萄架下，就能聽到牛郎、織女說的悄悄話。

The Double-Seventh Festival，called Qi xi for short，falls on the seventh day of the seventh month on the Chinese lunar calendar. It is also known as “the Begging Festival”，and it is a traditional Chinese festival full of romance. According to the legend，Niu lang(Cowherd) and Zhi nv(Weaver Maid) get together on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month every year. On this day，all the magpies will fly into the heaven and form a bridge so that these two loving birds might come together，people can hear the loving whispers between Niu lang and Zhi nv if they hide quietly under the grape trellis.

57.人口老齡化已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)全球性的現(xiàn)象。這種現(xiàn)象不僅已成定局，還將隨著時(shí)間的推移愈演愈烈，發(fā)展中國家尤其如此。它的社會(huì)影響廣泛且表現(xiàn)形式多樣，如若忽視，社會(huì)必將為此付出巨大代價(jià)。為了保證老年人口的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，國家、非政府組織、社區(qū)、家庭成員、特別是老年人自己，都要扮演重要的角色。

Population aging has become a world-wide phenomenon. It has not only come to stay but，especially in the developing countries，it will become more acute with the passage of time. Its influences are so wide-ranging and manifold that they can only be ignored at a tremendous cost to society. In order to ensure a sustainable development for the elderly population，be it the state，non-government organizations，the community，the family members and last but not least，the older persons themselves，each has a very important role to play.

China will develop its economy further and open itself wider to the outside world，which offers more business opportunities to overseas enterprises. Since China’s reform and opening up，Chinese enterprises have been cooperating with overseas enterprises in terms of economy and technology，and have scored great/ tremendous achievement. Overseas enterprises have not only helped Chinese enterprises with their growth，but also benefited from the cooperation. Chinese government will continue to offer favorable policies and conditions to promote the further cooperation between Chinese and overseas enterprises.

59.假日經(jīng)濟(jì)的現(xiàn)象表明：中國消費(fèi)者的消費(fèi)觀正在發(fā)生巨大變化。根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，中國消費(fèi)者的消費(fèi)需求正在從基本生活必需品轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)π蓍e、舒適和個(gè)人發(fā)展的需求。同時(shí)，中國人的消費(fèi)觀在蓬勃發(fā)展的假日經(jīng)濟(jì)中正變得成熟。因此產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)作相應(yīng)調(diào)整，來適應(yīng)社會(huì)的發(fā)展。另一方面，服務(wù)質(zhì)量要改善，以滿足人們提高生活質(zhì)量的要求。

The phenomenon of holiday economy shows that Chinese people’s consumption concept is undertaking great changes. According to statistics，the demands for Chinese consumers are shifting from the basic necessities of life to leisure，comfort and personal development. (Chinese consumers’ demand for basic necessities of life has given way to leisure，comfort and personal development.) Therefore，the structure of products should be adjusted accordingly to adapt to social development. On the other hand，services should be improved to satisfy people’s demand for an improved quality of life.

60.2013年6月20日在中國各地，據(jù)估計(jì)60萬兒童和他們的老師觀看了由宇航員(astronaut) 王亞平在距離地球300公里的上空所講授的科學(xué)課。王亞平與兩個(gè)同事乘坐天宮一號(hào)實(shí)驗(yàn)艙(the Tiangong-1 laboratory module) 執(zhí)行為期兩周的任務(wù)。她在課上進(jìn)行了一系列太空中的物理演示。在有些展示中還對(duì)比了在地球重力(one-gravity)環(huán)境下同樣的實(shí)驗(yàn)。這堂物理課不僅讓孩子們享受了一堂知識(shí)與樂趣兼具的物理課，也顯示了我國通信科技的前進(jìn)。

On June 20，2013，an estimated 600 thousand school children and their teachers across China watched a science lesson from 300km above the Earth by astronaut Wang Yaping. Wang is aboard the Tiangong-1 laboratory module with two crewmates，for a two-week mission. Her lessons were a series of physics demonstrations under the one-gravity environment on Earth. The lesson has not only offered children a physics lesson with knowledge and interest，but also shows the advance in communication technology of China.

61. 文化節(jié)是不同國家的人們互相理解的最佳媒體。通過舉辦文化節(jié)，許多中國城市在海外被越來越多的人所認(rèn)識(shí)。在文化節(jié)上，精彩的民間歌舞和美味的當(dāng)?shù)厥称罚亲钗说牟糠?。事?shí)證明，這是促進(jìn)中國人民和世界其他地方人民之間的交流的最有效的途徑之一。這種交流不僅僅限于文化方面，還擴(kuò)大到了經(jīng)濟(jì)和其他領(lǐng)域。

Culture festival is the best medium for people of different countries to understand each other. Through culture festivals，many cities in China have become known overseas. Wonderful folk singing and dancing and delicious local food are the most effective ways to promote the communication between Chinese people and people from other parts of the world. This kind of communication is not only confined to culture，but extends to economy and other fields.

62.端午節(jié)，又叫龍舟節(jié)，是為了紀(jì)念愛國詩人屈原。屈原是一位忠誠和受人敬仰的大臣(minister)，他給國家?guī)砹撕推胶头睒s。但最后因?yàn)槭艿秸u謗(vilify)而最終投河自盡。人們撐船到他自盡的地方，拋下粽子，希望魚兒吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身軀。幾千年來，端午節(jié)的特色在于吃粽子(glutinous dumplings)和賽龍舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。

The Duanwu Festival，also called the Dragon Boat Festival，is to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan was a loyal and highly esteemed/respected minister，who brought peace and prosperity to the state but ended up drowning himself in a river as a result of being vilified. People got to the spot by boat and cast glutinous dumplings into the water，hoping that the fishes ate the dumplings instead of Qu Yuan’s body. For thousands of years，the festival has been marked by glutinous dumplings and dragon boat races，especially in the southern provinces where there are many rivers and lakes.

63. 中秋節(jié)對(duì)中國人來說是最重要的節(jié)日，僅次于春節(jié)。每年中秋節(jié)，人們從全國和世界的各個(gè)角落回到家中，與家人團(tuán)聚、賞月和吃月餅。如今，在中秋節(jié)到來前的一個(gè)月，就有各種各樣的月餅出售。中國人相信滿月象征著和平、繁榮(prosperity)和家庭團(tuán)聚（reunion）。中秋節(jié)當(dāng)晚的月亮被認(rèn)為是最明亮圓滿的，這也是為什么也被稱為是“重逢日”和“月亮節(jié)”。

The Mid-Autumn Festival is the second most important festival after the Spring Festival to Chinese people. Every year，when the festival comes，people go home from every corner of the country and the world to meet their family，admire the full moon and eat moon cakes. Nowadays，there is a large variety of moon cakes on sale a month before the arrival of the festival. Chinese people believe a full moon is a symbol of peace，prosperity and family reunion. The moon on Mid-Autumn Festival night is believed to be the brightest and fullest. That is why the festival is also known as / called the “Day of Reunion” and the “Moon Festival”.